The 2001 event has demonstrated the role of local geology in influencing the ground motion characteristics and, therefore, the hazard estimation.Īnon (2001a) Geology and mineral resources of Gujarat, Daman & Diu, Geological Survey of India Misc Publ no 30, Part XIV, p 102Īnon (2001b) Bhuj earthquake of Jan. The localities where coseismic deformations were observed include Bodhormora, Sikra, Vondh, Chobari, Manfara and Kharoi. The manifestations were in the form of fractures, displacement of strata, linear subsidence, upheaval, formation of micro-basins/micro-ridges, ripping off of rock surface, and at places violent forms of liquefaction. Such features, though much less subdued in comparison with the 1819 large earthquake (Mw 7.8) in region, occurred along the Kachchh Mainland fault (KMF) and along a transverse lineament, referred to as Manfara–Kharoi fault. Ground deformation of tectonic origin was witnessed in the epicentral tract. The common forms of liquefaction were sand blows/boils, ground fissures, craters, lateral spreading and slumping. The liquefaction activity was profuse in seismic intensity zones X and IX, widespread in intensity VIII, subdued in intensity VII and stray in intensity VI. The extensive plains of Rann of Kachchh, the marshy tracts of the Little Rann and the shallow groundwater table zones of Banni Land provided the most conducive geotechnical environments for the development of seismites. Liquefaction occurred in an area of about 50,000 sq km. Apart from damages to civil structures, the January 26 earthquake induced conspicuous terrain deformation in the form of liquefaction features, structural ground deformation and low-order slope failures that were mainly prevalent within the higher intensity isoseists. The macroseismic survey carried out by the Geological Survey of India in an area as large as 1.2 million sq km indicated an epicentral intensity as high as X on the MSK scale in an area of 780 sq km in the central part of Kachchh rift basin. The Bhuj airbase had to be closed for some time due to damage to the infrastructure. In the Kachchh district of Gujarat state, the telecommunication links and power supply were totally disrupted, road and rail links partially impaired and water supply snapped at many places.
#Indian 2001 earthquake 100 words cracked#
In the neighbouring parts of Sindhh Province of Pakistan, 40 human casualties were reported, and some buildings cracked in the Karachi city as well. The brunt of the calamity was borne by five districts, namely Kachchh, Ahmadabad, Rajkot, Jamnagar and Surendranagar, where 99 % of the total casualties and damage occurred.
Of the intraplate seismic events, the JanuBhuj earthquake (Mw 7.7) would be remembered as one of the deadliest, in which 13,805 human lives were lost, 0.177 million injured and a total of 1,205,198 houses were fully or partly damaged in 16 districts of Gujarat state with an estimated overall loss of Rs.